Drug tests can take several forms, as the lab may test urine, blood, hair, nails, saliva, or other biological samples, though urine is the most common for employment drug screening. Tests are often performed on employees or potential employees in positions that involve safety, such as operating heavy machinery or working security. Here we have some information about what happens during the testing process.
When It Happens
Employers
have the right to ask for a drug test before hiring an applicant. They also
might test current employees for a variety of reasons. For instance, many
companies practice regular, randomized drug tests so that no one knows exactly
when they’ll be called in. It’s best to announce it shortly before the test so
that no one has time to get the drugs out of their systems. Employers may also
screen employees if there is a reasonable suspicion that the worker is taking
drugs.
How It Works
The
most common test is the 5-panel, which screens for cocaine, amphetamines,
opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and marijuana (THC). Sometimes employee drug
testing is more in-depth and searches for alcohol or for prescription drugs as
well. The reliability of the test is determined by many factors. For instance,
different types of drugs stay in the system longer than others. The person
taking the drug also introduces a lot of variables into the equation, such as
how often he or she uses that drug, what concentration he or she takes, how
long ago he or she took it, and even how hydrated the body is.
Results
Drug testing for employment is usually a quick process. You can often get negative
results within 24 hours. To be fair, though, if the results are positive, they
are generally sent away for further testing, and that can take a little longer,
sometimes up to a week. If there are positive results, then the medical review
officer will speak with the applicant and give him a chance to explain what
happened by providing proof of valid prescriptions.
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